Tika Marlina : Juli 2018

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

The simple present tense is one of several forms of present tense in English. It is used to describe habits, unchanging situation, general thruth, and fixed arrangements. Teh simple present tense is simple to form. Just use the base form of the verb: (I take; you take; we take; they take). The 3rd person singular takes an-s at the end (he takes; she takes).

The Simple Present Tense Is Used:

To express habits, general truths, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions and wishes: I smoke (habit); I work in London (unchanging situation); London is a large city (general truth).
To give instructions or directions: You walk for two hundred meters, then you turn left.
To express fixed arrangements, present of future: Your exam start at 09.00.

Example:

For habits: He drinks tea at breakfast; She only eats fish; They watch television regularly.
For repeated actions or event: We catch the bus every morning.
For general truths: Water freezes at zero degrees.
For fixed arrangements: His mother arrives tomorrow; Our holiday starts on the 26th March.
Withe future constructions: She'll see you before she leaves; We'll give it to her when she arrives.

Forming The Simple Present Tense: To Think ...

Affirmative:

I think.
You think.
He think.

Interrogative:

Do I think.
Do you think.
Does he think.

Negative:

I do not think.
You do not think.
He does not think.

PAST TENSE

The simple past tense, sometimes caled the preterite, is used to talk about a completed action in a time before now. The simple past is the basic form of past tense in English. The time of the action can be in the recent past or the distant past and action duration is not important.

Example:

John Cabot sailed to America in 1996.
He lived in Japan in 1988.
We crossed the Channel yesterday.

Structure Of Sentence:

Postive Sentence:

Subject + main verb + object.
Subject + past simple form (2nd form of verb) + object.

Negative Sentence:

Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb + object.
Subject + did + NOT + base form of verb (1st form of verb) + object.

Interrogative Sentence:

Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb + object.
Did + subject + base form (1st form of verb) + object.

PRESENT CONTINUES TENSE

Present continues tense is use to be describe a continues or an on going action of the present. These action are accurring exactly at the time of speaking. It is called progressive tense because it rafers to action which are currently in progress at the time of speaking.

Structure Sentence:

Main Verb: Present participle (base from of verb + ing) e.g. eating; drinking; looking.

Auxiliary Verb: Is; am; or; are.

Positive Sentence:

Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb.
Subject + (is/ am/ are) + present participle verb (verb + ing).

Example:

I am washing my shirt.
She is sleeping.
Kids are playing cricket.

Negative Sentence:

Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb.
Subject + (is/ am/ are) + NOT + present participle verb (verb + ing).

Example:

He is not sleeping.
She is not studying her books.
They are not coming to school.

Interrogative Sentence:

Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb.
(Is/ am/ are) + subject + present participle verb (verb + ing).

Example:

Are you listening to me?
Is he calling you?
Are you laughing at me?

PAST CONTINUES TENSE

Past continues tense is used to mention an ongoing action to the past. It expresses past actions having an on going nature. An action, that continued for some time in past, are expressed in past progressive tense.

Structure Sentence:

Main verb: Present participle (1st form of verb + ing) e.g. sleeping; going.

Auxiliary verb: "Was/ Were".

Note: If the subject of the sentence is "I, she, he", or a singularnoun, the auxiliary "was" is used. If the subject of sentence is "You, they" or a plural noun, the auxiliary "were" will be use.

Positive Sentence:

Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb + object.
Subject + were/ was + present participle (verb + ing) + an object.

Example:

He was waiting for you.
She was writing a letter.
He was driving his car.

Negative Sentence:

Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb + object.
Subject + were/ was + NOT + present paticiple + objcet.

Example:

I was not expecting such a foolish behavior him.
He was not sleeping.
She was not washing her clothes.

Interrogative Sentence:

Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb + object.
Were/ was + subject + present participle + object.

Example:

Were they going to their college?
Was the coming to his home?
Was she singing a song?

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

The present perfect tense refers to an action or state that either occurred at an indefinite time in the past (e.g. we have taked before) or begin in the past and continues to the present time (e.g. he has grown impatient over the last hour). This tense is formed by have/ has + the past participle.

Example:

Present perfect tense can be used with expressions that are unspecific in time:

I have ost my purse.
We have seen this movie already.
He has broken his leg.

Some examples of present perfect tense used to express an unfinished period of time are:

We haven't seen her today.
They have been to the mall twice this month.
Shr has watched that show three times this week.

Examples of using prsentin taking about events that happened in the recent past but the effect of the recent event is still felt in the present include:

The childern have made a mess in the kitchen.
He has started a new job.
She has finished her chores.

Present perfect tense can be used in questions as well. Here are some examples:

Where heve I left my sandals?
Have you visited South Korea?
Has she met John?

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUES TENSE

The present perfect continues is used to refer to an unspecified time between "before now" and "now". The speaker is thinking about something that started but perhaps did not finish in that period of time. He/ she is interested in teh process as well as the resul, and this process my stillbe going on or my have just finished.

Structure Sentence
Positive Sentence:

Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb + time-reference.
Subject + have been/ has been + present paticiple (verb + ing) + time-reference.

Negative Sentence:

Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb + time-reference.
Subject + have not been/ has not been + present participle (verb + ing) + time-reference.

Interrogative Sentence:

Has/ have + subject + been + present participle (verb + ing) + time-reference.

Example:

I have been reading war and peace for a month now.
I haven't been feeling well lately.

PAST PERFECT TENSE

Past perfect tense is used to express two types of actions which occurred in the past. It is usually used to express an action which accurred a long time ago in past. It gives a sense of completion of an activity in past.

Structure Sentence

Main verb: Past participle (3rd form of the verb) e.g. gone; written; etc.

Auxiliary verb: "Had".

Positive Sentence:

Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb + object.
Subject + had + past participle (3rd form of the verb) + object.

Example:

She had undergone heart surgery in her childhood.
I had ost my camera.
She had cooked some food.

Negative Sentence:

Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb + object.
Subject + had + NOT + past participle + object.

Example:

He had informed me about his illnes.
He had not finished his work.
She had not applied for some job.

Interrogative Sentence:

Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb + object.
Had + subject + past participle + object.

Example:

Had you completed your ask?
Had he prepared himself for the exam?
Had she prepared some food for the kids?

PAST PERFECT CONTINUES TENSE

The past perfect continues tense (also known as teh past perfect progressive tense) shows that an action that started in the past continues up until another time in the past. The past perfect continues tense is constructed using had been + the verb's present participle (root + ing).

Structure Sentence

Main verb: Present participle (base form verb + ing) e.g. waiting; drinking; looking.

Auxiliary verb: "Had been".

Positive Sentence:

Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb + object + time-reference.
Subject + had been + presnt participle (base form of verb + ing) + object + time-reference.

Example: